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高考英语辅导:英语主谓一致A到Z(一)

2013-11-29 09:38:22http://www.51gaoxiao.com阳光高考网

  A.police和cattle用复数,并且不能用数字修饰。

  Many cattle are suffering from adisease called BSE.

  The police are looking for a fair-haired man in his twenties.

  不能说:

  The police is looking...

  two police (但可以说two police officers)

  three cattle

  B. the British, the Dutch, the English, the French, the Irish, the Spanish和the Welsh是复数。

  In1581, the Dutch declared their independence from Spain.

  但说:A Dutchman came into the shop.不能说:A Dutch...

  C.trousers,jeans,pyjamas(美国英语 pajamas),pants, scales,scissors, glasses, spectacles,binoculars,pliers这类词表示由两部分构成的东西,用复数形式,后面的谓语用复数。

  Your jeans are too tight.

  Where are my glasses?~They’re on your nose.

  表示单件,用a pair of,后接单数谓语。

  A pair of nail-scissors is necessary.

  但是,当说的是两个不同的东西时,后面的动词要用复数。

  A pair of pumpkins are in the win-dow.

  D.在英国英语中,集合名词如family, team和government等既可以被看成单数,也可以被看成复数。在美国英语中,大多数这类名词总是被看成单数(不过 family 可以用成复数)。

  如果该群体被看成是一些人的集合体,其中每个成员都参与活动,如决定、希望或要求、动词通常用复数(重个体)。如果该群体被看成一个非人称单位时,则更常用单数动词(重整体)。

  My family have decided to move to York.They’re going in April.

  The average British family has3.6members. It is smaller than50years a-go.

  My firm are wonderful.They do all they call for me.

  My firm was founded in the18th century.

  把who用作复数形式的关系单词,而把which用作单数形式的关系代词。试比较:

  The committee,who are hoping to announce important changes,...

  The committee,which is elected at the annual meeting...

  当集合名词与单数限定词(如a/an,each,every,this,that)连用时,通常用单数动词和单数代词。试比较:

  The team are full of enthusiasm.

  A team which is full of enthusiasm has a better chance of winning.

  有时候可以同时使用单数形式和复数形式。

  The team is in Detroit this week-end.They expect to win.

  couple 有时被看成一个整体(一对夫妻或情侣),有时被看成个体。前者可以被比喻成是一个豆荚,而后者可以被比喻成是两粒豌豆。

  The couple lives in apartment9A.

  The couple is going to New York.The couple are going to Shanghai and Beijing.

  E.A number of,a group of,a couple of, the majority of和half of 等通常用复数动词。

  A couple of my friends plan to open a travel agency.

  A number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed.

  但是,the number of后接的核心谓语用单数,定语从句中的谓语用复数。

  The number of people who drop out of school every year is really as-tounding.

  The majority is in charge.Still,a majority of voters are unhappy.

  The total was in the millions.A total of six were missing.

  half of可以用于不可数名词,后接单数动词。碰到这类后面可以跟可数也可以跟不可数名词的表达时,要根据这些名词来判断单复数,即复数名词用复数动词,不可数名词用单数动词。试比较:

  Half of the cats have escaped.

  Half of the milk is drunk.

  F.all指东西的时候(意思是ev-erything,all of it)用单数动词,指人的时候(意思是all of them)用复数动词。

  “All I eat is lettuce,” said Kate.“But all I lose is brain cells.All is not well with my waist.”

  “All the men I date are confused,”said Kate. “All prefer slender women with big appetites.”

  any的用法也是一样。

  G.谈到度量和数量时,即使名词是复数形式,仍被看作单数概念。

  Where is that five pounds I lent you?

  Twenty miles is a long way to walk.

  We’ve only got five litres of petrol left.~That isn’t enough.

  H.在做计算时,复数主语后可以用单数动词,也可以用复数动词。但单数动词更加常见和自然。

  Two and two is/are four.

  Ten times five is/are fifty.

  I.more than one一般与单数名词和单数动词连用。

  More than one person is going to have to find a new job.

  唯一的例外是在一种教学场景中,当这个词组指的是一个字的复数形式,而不是单数形式。

  Remember that one animal is an animal,but more than one are animaux,ending in aux.

  J.用and连接的两个名词,由于经常用在一起,被看成一个概念,用单数动词和代词。

  The gin and tonic isn’t very strong,is it?

  Your toast and marmalade is on the table.

  The spaghetti and meatballs is great comfort food.

  类似的还有bread and butter,so-da and whiskey, fish and chips 和 law and order等。

  除了具体名词外,以下句子中各自的两个主语也可以被视作一个整体。

  Their confusion and uncertainty is understandable.

  The apple of his eye and the source of his inspiration is Heather.

  Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.

  但是,两个不相干的单数名词(哪怕是不可数名词)用and连接,还是复数概念。

  Instructor dedication and industry experience help students succeed

  另外,一个单数的抽象名词可以后接复数动词,如果它被两个或更多的形容词修饰并代表不同种类的东西。

  Eastern and Western art differ in many fundamental ways.

  Classical and modern philosophy are not radically different fields of study.

  另外,注意between...and...的结构中的核心名词用复数;from...to...的结构中的核心名词用单数。

  The elevator stalled between the ninth and tenth floors, stranding the boss from the first to the third week in August.